The age of globalisation has favoured international migration. Current studies on this topic have begun adopting the transnationalism approach. Accordingly, not only is the influence of migrants on the destination location being investigated; the relationships that occur at a distance with the place of origin are being examined also. In this respect, the family has come to form the core component of research on migration and transnationalism. Therefore, in this study, a systematic bibliographical review has been carried out to analyse the situation with regard to families from the transnationalism perspective. The findings have been divided into two subject blocks: “Block 1. Reflections on the notion of transnationalism: a broad concept linked to migration”; and “Block 2. The transnational family: an approach to its conceptualisation”. It is concluded that transnationalism provides an especially relevant approach in the study of international migration. However, the transnational family has been represented based on the parameters of the traditional family model and in keeping with current gender roles. The need to conduct research covering a broader perspective of the social reality, which addresses this issue, is considered. This paper aims to serve as an advisory guide for social agents (particularly social workers) in their work with migrants and, specifically, with transnational families.
Article
International migration and the transnational family: a systematic review
Acedera, Kristel F. and Yeoh, Brenda S. (2021). When care is near and far: Care triangles and the mediated spaces of mobile phones among Filipino transnational families. Geoforum, 121, 181-191.
Afulani, Patience A.; Torres, Jacqueline M.; Sudhinaraset, May and Asunka, Joseph. (2016). Transnational ties and the health of Sub-Saharan African migrants: The moderating role of gender and family separation. Social Science & Medicine, 168, 63-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.09.009
Ahlin, Tanja. (2018). Only near is dear? Doing elderly care with everyday ICTs in Indian transnational families. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 32(1), 85-102.
Alinejad, Donya. (2021). Techno-emotional mediations of transnational intimacy: social media and care relations in long-distance Romanian families. Media, Culture & Society, 43(3), 444-459.
Amoyaw, Jonathan A. and Abada, Teresa. (2016). Does helping them benefit me? Examining the emotional cost and benefit of immigrants’ pecuniary remittance behaviour in Canada. Social Science & Medicine, 153, 182-192.
Andersson, Anton; Edling, Christofer and Rydgren, Jens. (2018). The intersection of class origin and immigration background in structuring social capital: The role of transnational ties. British Journal of Sociology, 69(1), 99-123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12289
Arce, Carlos. (2018). Migraciones, derechos humanos y vulnerabilidad. Revista de fomento social, 289, 115-140.
Bacigalupe, Gonzalo and Bräuninger, Iris. (2017). Emerging technologies and family communication: The case of international students. Contemporary Family Therapy: An International Journal, 39(4), 289-300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10591-017-9437-7
Bailey, Adrian J.; Drbohlav, Dušan and Dzúrová, Dagmara. (2021). Migrant Remitting as Transnational Practice: Moldovans in Italy and Czechia. SAGE Open, 11(2), 1-13.
Ballaret, Jeffrey R. and Lanada, Jonel. P. (2022). Mothering from a Distance: The Lived Experiences of Filipina Transnational Mothers in Singapore. The Family Journal, 30(4), 507-513. https://doi.org/10.1177/10664807211061833
Bell, Justyna. (2016). Migrants: Keeping a foot in both worlds or losing the ground beneath them? Transnationalism and integration as experienced in the everyday lives of Polish migrants in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Social Identities: Journal for the Study of Race, Nation and Culture, 22(1), 80-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504630.2015.1110359
Benlloch-Doménech, Cristina and Barbé-Villarubia, María J. (2020). Movilidad humana: una revisión teórica aplicable de los flujos migratorios en España. FORUM. Revista Departamento Ciencia Política, 18, 35-63. https://doi.org/10.15446/frdcp.n18.79873
Berrocal, Martina; Kranert, Michael; Attolino, Paola; Santos, Júlio A. B.; Garcia Santamaria, Sara; Henaku, Nancy; Lezou Koffi, Aimée D.; Marziani, Camilla; Mažeikienė, Viktorija; Olivera Pérez, Dasniel; Rajandran, Kumaran and Salamurović, Aleksandra. (2021). Constructing collective identities and solidarity in premiers’ early speeches on COVID-19: a global perspective. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 8(1), 1-12.
Butsch, Carsten. (2020). Financial engagement of the Indian diaspora in Germany: Remitting to India. Population, Space and Place, 26(4), e2290.
Capstick, Tony. (2020). Transnational literacies as social remittances: The role of language ideologies in shaping migrants’ online literacies. Applied Linguistics, 41(2), 301-319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/applin/amz009
Carling, Jørgen; Erdal, Marta B. and Talleraas, Cathrine. (2021). Living in two countries: Transnational living as an alternative to migration. Population, Space and Place, e2471.
Carreño-Paredes, Myriam-Teresa; Vargas-Clavijo, Onofre; Peinado-Contreras, Yurley C. and Buitrago-Carrilo, Edith D. (2020). La migración dentro de un marco de derechos y su Relación con el Trabajo Social. In Magali Alba-Niño, Myriam-Teresa Carreño-Paredes and Carolina Ramírez-Martínez (Comps.), Trabajo Social: frontera, flujo migratorio y capitalismo global (p. 61-96). Simón Bolívar University editions.
Castillo, Tomás E. and Reguant, Mercedes. (2017). Percepciones sobre la migración venezolana: causas, España como destino, expectativas de retorno. Migraciones, 41, 133-163.
Cebotari, Victor and Dito, Bilisuma B. (2021). Internal and international parental migration and the living conditions of children in Ghana. Children and Youth Services Review, 121, 105821.
Chávez, Guillermina. (2018). El trabajo social y la transdisciplinariedad: retos para estudiar migración transnacional, comunidad y comunicación. Cuadernos de Trabajo Social, 31(1), 21-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/CUTS.55996
General Council for Social Work. (2012). Code of Ethics governing Social Work. Retrieved on 6 April 2023 from https://www.cgtrabajosocial.es/codigo_deontologico
Dalouh, Rachida and Soriano, Encarnación. (2020). Estudio de la feminización de los procesos migratorios en contextos transnacionales y transculturales. Dykinson.
Demirsu, Ipek. (2021). Watching them grow: Intergenerational video‐calling among transnational families in the age of smartphones. Global Networks, 1-15.
Domínguez-de-la-Rosa, Laura and Montalbán-Peregrín, Fracisco M. (2012). Líneas emergentes de investigación en las prácticas de trabajos social: la homoparentalidad. Portularia, 12, 169-177.
Dyrness, Andrea and Abu El‐Haj, Thea R. (2020). Reflections on the field: The democratic citizenship formation of transnational youth. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 51(2), 165-177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aeq.12294
Engbersen, Godfried and Snel, Erik. (2020). The emotion management of transnational living. Population, Space and Place, e2414.
Engels, Dietrich and Heidenreich, Philippa. (2014). El trabajo social durante la crisis: Situación en Alemania. Revista de Treball Social, 202, 35-44.
Farshbaf Shaker, Sahel. (2018). A study of transnational communication among Iranian migrant women in Australia. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 16(3), 293-312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15562948.2017.1283078
Fernández-Hawrylak, María F. and Heras, Davinia. (2019). Familias transnacionales, familias inmigrantes: Reflexiones sobre su inclusión en la escuela. Revista de Sociología de la Educación-RASE, 12(1), 24-39.
Giménez, Víctor M. (2014). Cuestiones éticas en la investigación en Trabajo Social y estrategias para una investigación éticamente responsable. AZARBE, Revista Internacional de Trabajo Social y Bienestar, 3, 187-195.
Giralt, Eva. (2015). MENA (Menores Extranjeros No Acompañados). Los niños adultos. Revista de Treball Social, 205, 80-87.
Gonzálvez-Torralbo, Herminia. (2016). Historia de una pregunta: consideraciones teórico-metodológicas para el análisis del género y el parentesco en la migración transnacional colombiana. Revista Latinoamericana De Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud, 14(1), 617-629. http://dx.doi.org/10.11600/1692715x.14142110515
Gregorio-Gil, Carmen. (2017). ¿Por qué hablar de cuidados cuando hablamos de migraciones transnacionales? Quaderns-e de l’Institut Català d’Antropologia, 22(2), 49-64.
Guirao-Goris, Josep A.; Olmedo, Angela and Ferrer, Esperanza. (2008). El artículo de revisión. Revista iberoamericana de enfermería comunitaria, 1(1), 1-25.
Held, Mary L. (2017). A study of remittances to Mexico and Central America: Characteristics and perspectives of immigrants. International Journal of Social Welfare, 26(1), 75-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijsw.12225
Hernández, Ana L. (2016). Cuidar se escribe en femenino: Redes de cuidado familiar en hogares de madres migrantes. Psicoperspectivas, 15(3), 46-55.
Hombrados-Mendieta, María I.; García, Alba; Gómez-Jacinto, L. and Palma, María de las Olas. (2016). Resiliencia, apoyo social y satisfacción vital de la población inmigrante. In Domingo Carbonero; Esther Raya; Neus Caparrós and Chabier Gimeno (Eds.), Respuestas transdisciplinares en una sociedad global: aportaciones desde el Trabajo Social (pp. 87-98). University of La Rioja.
Jerves, Elena; Rober, Peter; Enzlin, Paul and De Haene, Lucia. (2020). Ambiguous loss in transnational families’ adolescents: An exploratory study in Ecuador. Family Process, 59(2), 725-739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/famp.12453
Keegan, Patrick J. (2017). Belonging, place, and identity: The role of social trust in developing the civic capacities of transnational Dominican youth. The High School Journal, 100(3), 203-222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hsj.2017.0008
Kwon, Jungmin. (2019). Mobilizing historical knowledge through transcultural play: a multi-sited ethnographic case study of an immigrant child. Early Child Development and Care, 191(4), 624-639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2019.1637860
Lacomba, Joan. (2020). Una revisión del Trabajo Social con migrantes y refugiados. Construyendo nuevas bases teóricas y metodológicas. Ehquidad, 14, 293-331. https://doi.org/10.15257/ehquidad.2020.0020
Lacomba, Joan. (2021). La inmigración y el origen del Trabajo Social. Una historia en común. Cuadernos de Trabajo Social, 34(2), 407-415.
Lacroix, Thomas; Levitt, Peggy and Vari-Lavoisier, Ilka. (2016). Social remittances and the changing transnational political landscape. CMS, 16, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-016-0032-0
Lotero-Echeverri, Gabriel and Pérez-Rodríguez, María A. (2019). Migraciones en la sociedad contemporánea: Correlación entre migración y desarrollo. RETOS. Revista de Ciencias de la Administración y Economía, 9(17), 145-159.
Lu, Shuang; Lin, Yi-Ting; Vikse, Juliann H. and Huang, Chien-Chung. (2016). Well-being of migrant and left-behind children in China: Education, health, parenting, and personal values. International Journal of Social Welfare, 25(1), 58-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijsw.12162
Manyeruke, Gloria; Çerkez, Yağmur; Kiraz, Aşkın and Çakıcı, Ebru. (2021). Attachment, psychological wellbeing, and educational development among child members of transnational families. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 22(1), 49-55.
Marchetti-Mercer, María C. and Swartz, Leslie. (2020). Familiarity and separation in the use of communication technologies in South African migrant families. Journal of Family Issues, 41(10), 1859-1884.
Marschall, Sabine. (2017). Transnational migrant home visits as identity practice: The case of African migrants in South Africa. Annals of Tourism Research, 63, 140-150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2017.01.011
Mazzucato, Valentina; Dito, Bilisuma B.; Grassi, Marzia and Vivet, Jeanne. (2017). Transnational parenting and the well‐being of Angolan migrant parents in Europe. Global Networks, 17(1), 89-110.
McCabe, Brian E.; Mitchell, Emma M.; Gonzalez-Guarda, Rosa; Peragallo, Nilda and Mitrani, Victoria B. (2017). Transnational motherhood: Health of Hispanic mothers in the United States who are separated from children. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 28(3), 243-250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043659616644960
Merry, Lisa; Villadsen, Sarah F.; Sicard, Veronik and Lewis-Hibbert, Naomie. (2020). Transnationalism and care of migrant families during pregnancy, postpartum and early-childhood: an integrative review. BMC health services research, 20(1), 1-24.
Millán-Franco, Mario; Gómez-Jacinto, Luis; Hombrados-Mendieta, María I. and García-Cid, Alba. (2019). Las redes de apoyo social online y offline en los inmigrantes de Málaga (España). Migraciones. Publicación del Instituto Universitario de Estudios sobre Migraciones, 47, 119-149. https://doi.org/10.14422/mig.i47y2019.005
Mummert, Gail. (2019). “La segunda madre”: La naturalización de la circulación de cuidados entre abuelas y nietos en familias transnacionales latinoamericanas. AIBR. Asociación de Antropólogos Iberoamericanos en Red, 14(3), 515-540.
Nowicka, Magdalena. (2020). (Dis)connecting migration: transnationalism and nationalism beyond connectivity. Comparative Migration Studies, 8(1), 1-13.
Page, Matthew J.; McKenzie, Joanne E.; Bossuyt, Patrick M.; Boutron, Isabelle; Hoffmann, Tammy C.; Mulrow, Cynthia D.; Shamseer, Larissa; Tetzlaff, Jennifer M.; Akl, Elie A.; Brennan, Sue E.; Chou, Roger; Glanville, Julie; Grimshaw, Jeremy M.; Hróbjartsson, Asbjørn; Lalu, Manoj M.; Li, Tianjing; Loder, Elizabeth W.; Mayo-Wilson, Evan; McDonald, Steve; Moher, David. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Revista Española de Cardiología, 74(9), 790-799.
Parella, Sònia and Speroni, Thales. (2018). Las perspectivas transnacionales para el análisis de la protección social en contextos migratorios. Autoctonía. Revista de Ciencias Sociales e Historia, 2(1), 37-56. https://doi.org/10.23854/autoc.v2i1.59
Pedone, Claudia G. L. and Gil, Sandra V. (2016). Tramando futuros. Transnacionalismo familiar en la migración desde República Dominicana y Brasil hacia España. Investigaciones Feministas, 7(1), 241-263.
Peng, Yinni and Wong, Odalia M. H. (2016). Who takes care of my left-behind children? Migrant mothers and caregivers in transnational child care. Journal of Family Issues, 37(14), 2021-2044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513X15578006
Peña, Luis B. (2010). Proyecto de indagación: La revisión bibliográfica. Javeriana University, Bogota, Faculty of Psychology. Retrieved on 5 May 2023 from https://www.scientific-european-federation-osteopaths.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/La_revision_bibliografica.mayo_.2010.pdf
Pérez, M. D. Rocío and Neira, Andrea. (2017). Las abuelas de la migración. Cuidados, reciprocidad y relaciones de poder en la familia transnacional. Migraciones, 41, 55-77.
Pineros-Leano, María; Yao, Laura; Yousuf, Aroub and Oliveira, Gabrielle. (2021). Depressive Symptoms and Emotional Distress of Transnational Mothers: A Scoping Review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 182.
Piñones-Rivera, Carlos; Liberona, Nanette and Leiva, Sandra. (2021). Perspectivas teóricas sobre salud y migración: determinantes sociales, transnacionalismo y vulnerabilidad estructural. Saúde e Sociedade, 30(1), e200310.
Piras, Gioia. (2016). Emociones y migración: Las vivencias emocionales de las hijas y los hijos que se quedan en origen / Emotions and migration: The emotional experiences of children left-behind. Psicoperspectivas, 15(3), 67-77.
Rivero, Patricia J. (2017). La investigación multilocalizada en los estudios migratoriostransnacionales: Aportes teóricos y prácticos. Trabajo y sociedad: Indagaciones sobre el empleo, la cultura y las prácticas políticas en sociedades segmentadas, 28, 327-342.
Ryba, Tatiana V.; Stambulova, Natalia B. and Ronkainen, Noora J. (2016). The work of cultural transition: An emerging model. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00427
Saldívar, Juan M. (2019). Religión vivida, migración y transnacionalismo. El caso del Nazareno de Caguach en Punta Arenas, Chile, y Río Gallegos, Argentina. Migraciones internacionales, 10, 1-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33679/rmi.v1i1.2184
Sassone, Susana M. and Lapenda, Marina L. (2019). Migración, territorio y transnacionalismo: Peruanos en una ciudad global del Sur. Cahiers des Amériques latines, 91, 111-133.
Schrooten, Mieke; Geldof, Dirk and Withaeckx, Sophie. (2016). Transmigration and urban social work: Towards a research agenda. European Journal of Social Work, 19(1), 18-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691457.2014.1001725
Sobczyk, Rita; Soriano, Rosa and Caballero, Andrés. (2020). Transnacionalismo localizado: las paradojas de la migración en la era de la inmovilidad involuntaria. Migraciones internacionales, 11, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.33679/rmi.v1i1.1838
Solheim, Catherine; Zaid, Samantha and Ballard, Jaime. (2016). Ambiguous loss experienced by transnational Mexican immigrant families. Family Process, 55(2), 338-353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/famp.12130
Talleraas, Cathrine. (2020). Who are the transnationals? Institutional categories beyond “migrants”. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 43(4), 652-671.
Thomas, Rebecca L.; Ferraj, Brunilda; Diamond, Rebekah and Yagaloff, Lisa. (2017). Untold experiences and behaviors of transmigrants who remit: A qualitative study. Social Development Issues, 39(2), 62-74.
Uzcanga, Catalina and Oiarzabal, Pedro J. (2019). Associations of migrants in Spain: An enquiry into their digital inclusion in the “Network society” in the 2010s. Voluntas, 30(5), 947-961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11266-019-00162-z
Villa-Torres, Laura; González-Vázquez, Tonatiuh; Fleming, Paul; González-González, Edgar L.; Infante-Xibille, César; Chavez, Rebecca and Barrington, Clare. (2017). Transnationalism and health: A systematic literature review on the use of transnationalism in the study of the health practices and behaviors of migrants. Social Science & Medicine, 183, 70.
Wen, Ya and Xie, Jingrong. (2019). Missing families and villages: The care deficit faced by rural left-behind children in China and its implications. International Journal of Care and Caring, 3(2), 247-262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/239788218X15421003245041
Wilding, Raelene; Baldassar, Loretta; Gamage, Shashini; Worrell, Shane and Mohamud, Samiro. (2020). Digital media and the affective economies of transnational families. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 23(5), 639-655.
Zapata, Adriana. (2021). Home in Transnational Contexts: A Reflection on the Migration of Colombian Mothers/Fathers to Santiago de Chile. Antipoda. Revista de Antropología y Arqueología, 43, 75-96.